Understanding the downwash/outwash characteristics of eVTOL aircraft

This report presents initial findings of the effects of downwash for the safe operation of eVTOL air vehicles. It does not constitute regulation.

It is intended to provide a basis for further debate and discussion between manufacturers, operators and regulators. This will allow them to assess and, where needed, begin to address some of the issues found by this initial study of downwash in eVTOL operations.

The difference between our current knowledge on downwash, derives mainly from helicopters, and its potentially different impact on eVTOLs, is the focus of the report. The potential risks and mitigations that result from this difference are presented, with a focus on the safety of personnel on the ground.