Airspace Infringements: Causal Factors 2025

This report sets out the causes and contributing factors of airspace infringements to improve knowledge and awareness.

It has been written by the CAA’s Airspace infringement Team using data from Mandatory Occurrence Reports and Alleged Breach of Air Navigation Legislation Reports, and over 1,000 pilot submissions covering 1,136 reported airspace infringements in 2025. This open and honest reporting by pilots helps share lessons, highlight issues and advance safety for all.