Drone and model aircraft rules are based on the risks of different types of flying (operations) and are divided into three categories:
- Open Category, which covers basic, low-risk flying
- Specific Category, which covers moderate-risk flying
- Certified Category, which covers complex, high-risk flying
The categories affect aspects such as where you can fly, the distances you need to keep from people, and the size and weight of your aircraft.
You move through the categories as the flying you want to do gets more advanced and complex. For example, if you want to fly closer to people.
Open Category introduction
The Open Category covers basic, low-risk drone and model aircraft flying.
As you move through the categories, you must meet more demanding requirements to reflect the increased risks
It has three sub-categories, based on how close you can fly to people who are not involved in what you're doing:
- Over People (A1)
- Near People (A2)
- Far from People (A3)
If you're just starting out flying drones or model aircraft, you'll start in either the Over People (A1) or Far from People (A3) sub-categories.
Over People (A1)
What you can fly
You can fly a drone or model aircraft that weighs less than 250g.
This includes drones and model aircraft that are UK0 or UK1 class, and European class C0.
From 1 January 2026 until 31 December 2027, you can also fly a C1 class drone or model aircraft in the Over People (A1) sub-category
What you can do
You can fly over people who are not involved in what you're doing, but not over crowds.
You can fly within residential, commercial, industrial and recreational areas.
You must fly within the Over People (A1) rules.
What you need
You must have an Operator ID if your drone or model aircraft has a camera.
You must have a Flyer ID if your drone or model aircraft weighs 100g or more.
Far from People (A3)
What you can fly
You can fly a drone or model aircraft that weighs less than 25kg.
This includes drones and model aircraft that are UK2 to UK4 class and European C2 to C4 class.
What you can do
You must fly no closer than 50m to people who are not involved in what you're doing.
You must not fly within 150m of residential, commercial, industrial, or recreational areas.
You must fly within the Far from People (A3) rules.
What you need
You must have an Operator ID and Flyer ID.
Near People (A2)
What you can fly
You can fly a drone or model aircraft that does not have a class mark and weighs less than 2kg.
This includes drones and model aircraft that are UK2 class or European C2 class and weigh less than 4kg.
What you can do
You can fly in residential, recreational, commercial or industrial areas.
If your drone or model aircraft has a UK2 or C2 class mark, you must fly no closer than 30m to people who are not involved in what you’re doing. If you fly in low speed mode, you can reduce this distance to 5m from people.
If your drone or model aircraft does not have a UK2 or C2 class mark, you must increase this distance and must fly no closer than 50m to people who are not involved in what you're doing.
You must not intentionally fly over people who are not involved in what you're doing. This applies to all drones or model aircraft flying in this category.
You must fly within the Near People (A2) rules.
What you need
You must complete a course with a CAA-recognised training provider to get an A2 Certificate of Competency (A2 CofC). You must also have Flyer ID and Operator ID.
