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UK Civil Aviation Regulations

These are published by the CAA on our UK Regulations pages. EU Regulations and EASA Access Guides published by EASA no longer apply in the UK. Our website and publications are being reviewed to update all references. Any references to EU law and EASA Access guides should be disregarded and where applicable the equivalent UK versions referred to instead.



Not all threats in the bowtie will have the same level of significance to the operation.

Differentiating threat significance according to exposure serves the purpose of highlighting where the areas of greatest concern lie.

Not all threats will necessarily have the same significance to all stakeholders.

Some threats may only be encountered on a limited basis (e.g. take-off with flying surfaces contaminated by ice), while others will be a potential issue for every flight (e.g. taking off with the aircraft loaded outside of the correct Centre of Gravity).

The exposure rating is considered before these particular controls have their effect.