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UK Civil Aviation Regulations

These are published by the CAA on our UK Regulations pages. EU Regulations and EASA Access Guides published by EASA no longer apply in the UK. Our website and publications are being reviewed to update all references. Any references to EU law and EASA Access guides should be disregarded and where applicable the equivalent UK versions referred to instead.



An appropriately completed bowtie contributes to risk situational awareness, which in turn facilitates good risk management practices and efficient use of safety resources.

  • The bowtie diagram displays areas of concern very clearly via the use of colours to highlight specific issues.
  • A typical example is where a control has been assessed as critical (red), has an effectiveness rating of poor (orange) or very poor (red) and is present on a constant threat exposure (red).

The reader of the bowtie can immediately identify where the problem areas are and intuitively understand their role in the overall management of the hazard.

The image below is an example of how this colour coding is displayed.

Targeted safety improvements